The following additives thicken the water-sand mixture to transport the
sand into the reservoir and then change properties to allow the water
to be recovered while the sand remains to prop open the permeability:
0.3% guar, a naturally occurring legume for food thickening
0.1% soap used as a surfactant to allow the mixture to flow down the well
0.1% detergent enzyme breaks the gel back down to water which is recovered
<0.1% boron, a mineral from the Mojave Desert used as a detergent thickener
0.02% acetic acid, a form of vinegar